Waxes are a diverse class of organic compounds that are lipophilic solids that are malleable near ambient temperatures. They include higher alkanes and lipids, typically with melting points above about 40 °C (104 °F), melting to give low viscosity liquids.
A second group of neutral lipids that are of physiological importance, though they are a minor component of biological systems, are waxes. Essentially, waxes consist of a long-chain fatty acid linked through an ester oxygen to a long-chain alcohol.
Waxes are esters of long-chain fatty acids with long-chain monohydric alcohols (one hydroxyl group). The carboxylic acid and the alcohol typically each have an even number of carbons.
Natural waxes originate from living organisms, with prominent examples including beeswax and plant-based varieties like carnauba and candelilla wax. Each natural wax undergoes specific collection and purification steps.
Explore the diverse world of waxes, from their chemical composition to ecological roles and industrial applications. Learn about the methods for analyzing and identifying waxes, including mass spectrometry and infrared spectroscopy.
Explore natural waxes like beeswax, soy, and carnauba. Learn their types, sources, benefits, and uses in cosmetics, candles, and food products.
We tested 24 different types of at-home waxes to determine which ones are the best of the best.
Explore the diverse functions of waxes in biology, from protective barriers in plants and animals to their role in food preservation and pharmaceutical applications. Learn how waxes differ from triglycerides.